Ess corporate enterprise management system. Corporate information systems. Information technologies of enterprises. Composition of the corporate information system

corporate enterprise management system CAPITAL

The Capital system is a fully integrated corporate system for managing large and medium-sized enterprises. One of the main advantages of the system is a completely new and promising approach to its construction, based on the use of Internet technologies, which implies the use of a standard Web server, e-mail and other capabilities (DHTML, Javascript, XML, CGI, etc.) to display and manage all information, material, financial resources and flows within the company.

Using the Internet as a base technology offers the following advantages:
A single and convenient interface for accessing all corporate information. All corporate information resources can be made available through a traditional WEB server, as a set of dynamic and static WEB pages. Using a set of familiar static WEB pages, you can provide your employees with convenient access to general information, such as the latest management orders, newsletters, technical documentation, etc. As a result, you receive a single interface for all information resources, which makes information more accessible and significantly reduces the costs of its support and distribution.
Unlimited scalability. Thanks to the technologies used, the computing power of the system can be increased indefinitely by spreading the load distribution among any number of computers, including remote ones.
A wide range of tools for teamwork. These include: bulletin boards, chats and video conferencing. They can be used, for example, to organize group discussions on production problems and simultaneously work on documents.
Full-scale remote access without the use of special client programs. This makes it possible to access the system both via dial-up telephone lines and via Internet channels. Thus, any company employee can get immediate and full access to all information while on vacation or a business trip from any Internet cafe.
Wide possibilities for servicing remote clients via the Internet. You can open a fully functional virtual “Web-representation” on the Internet, with the help of which your company will effectively interact with your partners and clients. All documents filled out in this way via the Internet become documents of your corporate system and are queued for processing. A particular example of such a service is the Internet showcase of your products, where the consumer can fill out an order form and this order will be directly processed by the Capital system.
Low cost of system ownership. The Capital system does not require special software on client computers; it only requires a standard browser. In addition, when working with the system, the existing fleet of computers that are outdated from the point of view of a rapidly developing market can be used. The requirements for the client computer are limited only by the requirements of the Web browser. When using the Microsoft Internet Explorer browser, the minimum workplace configuration is as follows: CPU 486DX, RAM 8 Mb, HDD - 500 Mb.
Confidence in the future. The implementation of a management system always involves investing in information technology. When investing, they are usually guided by considerations about the technology’s compliance with modern realities and the prospects for its development. World experience shows that Internet technologies are one of the most promising information technologies and have a great future.

Description of the server architecture of the "Capital" system, version 2.0
Starting from version 2.0, the server architecture of the Capital system consists of 3 main blocks. All blocks can be installed on one computer or separated on different computers.

Database server
The database server is designed for storing and retrieving information using relational DBMSs such as MS SQL Server, Oracle or Sybase. In fact, a database server is a DBMS software and a set of tables, procedures and queries.

XML Data Server
The XML data server is designed to represent information stored in relational databases in the form of business objects and implement application business logic. In other words, it provides an object interface to data, processing of such data and implementation of certain algorithms of the information system. It is worth noting that an XML object can include information that is not part of the database, such as illustrations or material dynamically retrieved from the Internet.
The server can be implemented on the basis of a WEB server (MS IIS, Netscape or Apachie) or as a separate application written, say, in C or Java.

HTML Interface Server
The HTML interface server is designed to generate dynamic web pages. Pages render business objects from XML data and preprocess user input, format it, and send it to the XML server.
This server is implemented on the basis of a WEB server (MS IIS, Netscape or Apachie).

Advantages of a three-tier server architecture

Simplified technology for building WEB interfaces
A simpler technology for building HTML interfaces (dynamic HTML pages) is achieved by transferring the work of retrieving information and implementing business logic to the XML server. In addition to the separation of tasks, this leads to the fact that work occurs with business objects, and not with database tables, which is closer in ideology to interface forms.
In some cases, to build an HTML interface, it is enough to simply use XSL (Extensible Style Language) technology.

Working through other user interfaces

In some cases, the web interface is not the most convenient way to work with the system. This applies primarily to workplaces for which quick entry of information is important (workplace for issuing invoices, cash register, etc.).

In these cases, it is enough to create additional interfaces of any kind and in any programming language. Prerequisite: The application must exchange standardized XML messages with the XML server. Then the application's task will only be to implement the user interface, and all data processing and implementation of business logic will still be performed by the XML server.

Working with software and hardware from different manufacturers
Implementation of XML servers and interface servers can be done for various software platforms. For example, within the information system of one enterprise, Microsoft DBMS under Windows NT and Oracle under Solaris, Microsoft WEB servers and Netscape can be used.

Exchange data with other applications

Using XML standards, data can be transferred between components of one information system. Since XML standards are open, as well as the transfer protocol, it is possible to provide data exchange between any applications, both from the same vendor and from different ones.
This way you can solve the following problems:
Electronic document management (EDI) - transfer of documents, price lists, information about goods and other things from one information system to another, bypassing the stages of output in paper-like formats and manual entry of information;
Transferring information from one software product to another (tasks of data conversion and single input of information with processing in several programs);
Functioning of several software products in a single technological process (for example, warehouse management in program A, calculation of construction estimates in program B, accounting in program C, personnel management in program D)

Scalability
Currently, with an increase in the load on information systems, it is necessary to increase the power of the hardware used to operate server components. However, hardware resources cannot be increased indefinitely. The only solution is to distribute the load across multiple servers. Using a modular architecture for building the server part of an information system makes it easy to solve this problem. Let's consider how you can distribute the "Capital" information system across physical servers.
The number of XML servers is not limited; in addition, any number of blocks from the XML servers can be transferred to separate computers, thus building a separate reporting server or administration server.
The number of SQL servers is limited by the number of logical blocks into which data can be divided. The minimum information that a logical block can contain is the data of one department for a certain period of time. That is, the information system for one enterprise with two divisions can be divided into, say, four SQL servers, one for each division for current information (the last 3 months) and one for archived information. The number of interface servers is not limited.
By first installing the system on one server, you can gradually connect new equipment, transfer system blocks to it and obtain the optimal configuration for your tasks. For example, this one.

Automatic data archiving
Distributing data between SQL servers makes it possible to store data from one period on one SQL server, and from another period on another. Thus, you can divide information into current and archived. This will solve the following problems:
Accelerate access to current information
Automatic transfer of data to archive during operation
"Transparent" access to archived data.

Implementing distributed applications
In some cases, it is necessary to organize the operation of the system at several geographically distributed sites. The technology for exchanging XML data between XML servers makes it easy to solve this problem.
Technically, it all comes down to the need to ensure the exchange of text documents, which can be implemented via any communication channels, even transferring them on floppy disks.
A similar problem can be solved using replication at the level of SQL servers, but in this case problems arise with replication between servers from different manufacturers, establishing acceptable transmission channels and using business logic during the replication process.

A few words about XML
Description
The XML language (Extensible Markup Language) is intended to describe other languages, i.e. it is a metalanguage. XML allows you to present data in the form of a structured text document. The structure markup is specified in the form of so-called tags, which have the format<имя> .. . Tags contain data. The easiest way to get an idea of ​​this approach is to look at any HTML document (the internal representation of a web page), since HTML is an implementation of an XML-based language and describes a set of tags for visualizing data in a web browser.
XML documents are text files containing data and tags that identify structures within the text.
XML allows developers to add complexity to data by transforming it into a format that can be used by Web applications, servers, middleware, and end users.

Technologies for building XML data servers
Construction of the general structure of the information system
The structure of the information system is represented as a tree, for example
Information system
Directories
Directory of counterparties
Directory of departments
Documentation
Orders
Cash orders

Construction of the XML structure of the information system
For the above tree structure, a list of XML tags is specified that describes the main elements of the system.

As a result, we obtain a description of the structure of the information system down to the level of final business objects. In this example, directories of counterparties and departments are final business objects.

Business object property description
For each object, its description is made in XML. For example, the following description is possible for a directory of counterparties:

Set of cards Card Full name Name Telephone ….

For each XML tag, a set of attributes can be specified (in the example, delType is the address type).

Description of business object methods
Any business object must have at least 4 methods:
List - generating a list of elements included in the object
Info - generation of information on a specific object
Post - adding/changing an object
Del - object deletion
In addition, there can be any number of additional methods

An example of how an XML server works
Let's look at an example of working with an XML server. Let's say we want to get a card from a counterparty named Ivanov. To do this you will need to do the following:
1. Determine the name of the business object that needs to be accessed. In accordance with the specification of the XML structure of the system, this will be “/Refer/Agents” (directory of counterparties).
2. Call the List method of this object by sending it an XML request in accordance with the specification of this method.
3. Get an XML description of the found counterparty cards and select the one you need if there are several of them.
4. Contact the Info method of the “/Refer/Agents/Agent” object (counterparty card) by sending it an XML request in accordance with the specification of this method.
5. Get an XML structure something like this:

Based on materials from the developer - ICT Laboratory, provided by BelSoft

What are corporate management systems? For what purpose are they being introduced into enterprises?

general information

What are enterprise systems? Enterprise management systems are integrated software systems. Their functioning is based on various data analysis algorithms, electronic document management, decision support modules and other useful tools. Enterprise management systems can also be defined as a set of software and hardware of a company that implement automation ideas.

To designate a practically implemented complex, various designations such as ACS, MIS, IIS and ISUP can be used. At first glance, it may seem that they differ only in name, due to multiple cases of neglect of classification requirements. This is largely due to the similarity to the untrained eye. But the difference will be explained further.

Why are corporate systems created?

Management systems are needed primarily for the effective management of resources that are at the disposal of the organization. And it doesn’t matter which ones. Thus, work can be carried out with financial, technological, intellectual, labor, material and technical resources. And all this is aimed at only one goal - to obtain maximum profit and satisfy the needs of the owners and employees of the enterprise.

A simple explanation: how does it all work?

Let's look at the accounting case. This choice was made in connection with the widespread automation of this activity. The most important thing in the program is the algorithm. It lays down the basic accounting procedure. What is meant by this? This denotes a certain sequence of accounting actions that is performed during the registration and processing of available data with the ultimate goal of generating financial and tax reporting, as well as having access to the real state of affairs at the enterprise through the creation of up-to-date management reports.

If this is not clear, then let's look at the same situation from a different point of view. Building a corporate governance system requires modeling. In this case, the object of mathematical equations and systems is the accounting method. At the same time, it is possible to keep under control the facts of economic life, as well as ongoing processes. And it is not the operations themselves that are displayed directly, but their descriptions and images. In this case, the most important characteristics are presented in symbolic form. By the way, when corporate systems, resource management systems and others are being implemented, it is useful to take care not only of the preparatory stage, but also to provide for the possibility of reconfiguring the system for emerging needs.

When does the need for automation arise?

If the enterprise is small, then there is often no need to implement the software and technical equipment in question. By the way, it is not for nothing that the word “corporate” is included in the designation of these systems. Initially, they were used only by large associations of enterprises operating under centralized control that solved common problems. Corporate governance in the first stages of implementation was quite expensive and costly, so it was used only for large volumes of work and significant working capital.

As the cost became cheaper, smaller economic entities were also able to implement their automatic control systems. Sometimes the only question is expediency. And we should not forget that the hardware and software complex in question was originally created specifically for effective control over large enterprises.

Some terminology

To better understand the topic, let's learn new words. First, let's expand the concept of “corporate governance”. By this we will now understand the system of relationships that are established between shareholders, the management board, the board of directors, internal regulatory documentation and employees. This is the basis of the business model, which is essentially a description of the company, where it is represented as a complex system, but with a significant level of accuracy. What should be here? All objects, entities, rules for performing operations, processes, development strategy and performance evaluation criteria. What is important is the information model, which describes all the existing, albeit not formalized or documented, channels, rules and algorithms for processing, as well as the transmission of all data that is transmitted within the enterprise. Let's get closer to the main object of interest to us in the article.

Information system

This is the name of the entire infrastructure that is used by the enterprise to manage data flows. It includes:

1. Information model. This is a set of algorithms and operating rules. Includes, for example, forms, data structure, submission details, and the like.
2. Development regulations and procedure for making changes to the information model.
3. Human resources responsible for data generation.
4. Software that allows you to meet the requirements put forward by the enterprise.
5. Regulations for making changes to structures that are being configured. This could be the configuration of the software, its functional modules, databases, etc.
6. Hardware and technical base that meets software requirements.
7. System human resources whose task is to service and maintain the operation of the information system.
8. Rules and regulations for training, certification and use.

Variety of systems

At the beginning of the article, abbreviations such as ASU, ISU, IIS and ISUP were mentioned. Now let's look at what they are and what they mean:

1. ACS - automated control system. This is the name of a complex of hardware and software, as well as the necessary technical personnel, whose tasks include support and maintenance, the ultimate goal of which is to ensure operational management of various processes that are implemented within the enterprise or in its individual division.
2. IMS is an integrated management system. Unites many interrelated elements (for example, enterprises), forming a stable unity and ensuring integrity as a group. It has integral properties, patterns and functions to obtain the required maximum result.
3. IIS - integrated information systems. A set of equipment and software aimed at creating a holistic infocommunication environment.
4. ISUP is an enterprise management information system. Complex of hardware and software. Ensures the functioning of enterprise management, management of production, sales, supply, warehouse accounting, as well as the work of financial, accounting, and advertising services.

These are the basic models of control systems that exist.

How are they built?

Of course, each system discussed earlier has its own characteristics. But they also have something in common. The following points can be roughly highlighted:

1. Operations planning. This is a general provision in which the functioning of the enterprise is displayed, while the volume of finished products, necessary raw materials, and demand assessment are established. A basic production plan is also formed, which stipulates the quantity and timing of the production of goods or the provision of services.
2. Planning the required resources. Provides what is necessary to complete the assigned tasks. What labor resources, production capacity, materials, etc. are needed. Thanks to this point, it is possible to assess the capabilities of the enterprise in implementing the assigned tasks, as well as the time, raw materials and personnel required for this.
3. Plan execution management.

What does an enterprise management system do?

From everything written above, we can say that no matter what the information shell is called, it is essentially a software and hardware platform that can acquire both universal and specialized features. At the same time, integration into a certain homogeneous system is provided, capable of best solving a unique problem for each of the production facilities. Now it is difficult to call this a complex completely independent of people. It would be more accurate to use the concept of a human-machine system, the task of which is to support the intellectual activity of employees. With its help, the following is carried out:

1. Accumulation of certain experience and formalization of knowledge.
2. Continuous improvement and development.
3. Quick adaptation to constantly changing conditions of the outside world and meeting new needs of the enterprise.

Theoretical background

What happens and what is the goal when enterprise systems are implemented? Management systems transfer all the main business processes of an organization to the plane of computer technology. Software and hardware are used to provide information support for all aspects of activity. At the same time, organizational systems of corporate governance make it possible to integrate various tools. A unified information system is being formed. This is used to solve problems of coordinating the interaction of both individual employees and entire departments by providing all the necessary information and monitoring their executive discipline. An added bonus is that management can quickly gain access to accurate and reliable information that is needed at a particular point in time. Thanks to this, it can make adequate and successful decisions.

How to protect yourself?

If all corporate management is based on one server, then someone may want to take important data into their own hands. How to avoid this? There are several tools available for this purpose:

1. Restriction of access to data and management functions.
2. Introduction of a password access system.
3. Creating multiple backups at different frequencies (every day, week and month), to which only the most trusted employees should have access.
4. A multi-level data protection system, which includes automation tools for entered or adjusted information, as well as registration of work time, data modification and a personal identifier indicating who did it.

It's no secret that often the weakest point of enterprises is people. Therefore, participants in the corporate governance system should have access only to those data that are in the area of ​​their direct responsibility. Everything else creates potential risks, including accidental deletion.

Conclusion

So the concept of a corporate management system was considered. It should be noted that this topic is quite interesting. Even entire books have been written that are dedicated to her. True, they will be of interest only to specialists for whom this is their bread. After all, the main functions of the corporate governance system, construction models, various interesting aspects and nuances were discussed within the framework of this article. Finally, I would also like to note the fact that different countries have formed their own schools and main players, who own the majority of the market. Thus, many people are quite familiar with such a corporate governance system in Russia as “1C:Enterprise”. This is a very good implementation example, although quite complex at the same time.

“Global Navigation”, corporate magazine of JSC “Information Satellite Systems” named after academician M.F. Reshetnev", No. 11 2010. http://www.iss-reshetnev.ru/

Today, the development of modern technologies is progressing by leaps and bounds. At the current stage of computerization of all spheres of society, special attention is paid to the issue of introducing automated production management systems at large enterprises in the country. At JSC "Information Satellite Systems" named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev” this process began in 1972 with the advent of the first electronic computers.

Over many years of work, thanks to the efforts of the talented specialists of the space company, the company managed to create a unified automated control system that allows us to get a holistic picture of the work of the entire enterprise and its individual structures.

In recent years, the continuous growth of documentation volumes, the widespread use of electronic computer technology in information processing, the use of digital media and other objective factors have caused the formation of a new management system for organizations based on the automation of their production processes. An automated enterprise management system (ACS) is a complex of software, technical, information, linguistic, organizational and technological tools and actions of qualified personnel, designed to solve problems of planning and managing various types of enterprise activities.

According to experts, enterprise management using automated systems contributes to the growth of the competitiveness of the company's products. First of all, the presence of a single database containing all the information about the company can significantly reduce the time spent searching for the necessary data and paints a detailed picture of the work of all its departments, which is the main thing when making important decisions for the organization.

An important factor in the successful activities of JSC Information Satellite Systems named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev" is the implementation of a corporate automated management system, which the company managed to create over many years of operation. Now it is a fairly large and complex integrated system, which includes an automated production management system, automation of financial and economic activities, spacecraft design, planning and electronic document management. But it all started with a few electronic computers and a team of like-minded people who looked to the future with confidence.

Automated control systems

Since the formation of NPO PM (now JSC ISS named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev), for a long time all calculations and financial transactions of the enterprise were carried out at the Krasmash plant in the city of Krasnoyarsk using a machine counting station (MCS) operating on the basis counting and perforation equipment: tabulators, punchers and checkers. In the early 70s, with the expansion of production, the need to automate accounting at the enterprise itself became obvious. By the summer of 1972, the company’s specialists had developed all the necessary software. To carry out trial calculations and debug the created product, an information preparation group was created by order of the chief accountant and chief engineer at NPO PM. And since January 1973, all operations regarding wages and movement of materials began to be carried out at the enterprise itself. This was the first major victory for the specialists at the origins of the Department of Informatics and Computer Science.

At the end of the 80s, with the advent of the first automated control system (ACS), a software package was created for production planning at the plant and workshop level. The machines were used to write technical processes and programs for numerically controlled machines, obtain monthly plans and operational accounting of manufactured products. In subsequent years, NPO PM purchased more modern computer equipment, and developed special programs and data storage systems. With the creation of a unified information base on purchased products and materials, it became possible to plan budgets for the supply department.

Today, the enterprise has two large systems for managing the entire material part: ASU FEZ - an automated system for managing financial and economic tasks and AS PIK - an automated system for planning and control. Current programs solve many critical production problems. The increased capacity of the automated control system allows you to store and process literally everything, including information about the raw materials from which the part is made, and about additional materials needed in the process of its manufacture. In addition, the movement of each batch of purchased products is monitored, starting from the manufacturing plant and ending with the write-off of the material.

Based on the collected information, a detailed analysis of the state of affairs in production is carried out. This is part of the planning carried out by the Office of Consolidated Planning and Coordination of Works. Automated workstations with maximum functionality have been created for its specialists. Also, using the ACS, automated salary calculations are carried out based on many parameters. In particular, the employee’s position, individual benefits, sick leave, travel allowances and other aspects are taken into account.

Among the significant tasks solved within the framework of the system in recent years, one can highlight the automation of the accounting of parts and assembly units using accompanying presentation cards, the process of their assembly, and operational planning.

An integral part of the enterprise's automated control system is the workshop's automated control system. Its main parts are logically united by a single information support system, which includes an information retrieval system that provides transparent access to data throughout the enterprise as a whole and a specific workshop in particular, as well as various forms of presentation of analytical data that facilitate the decision-making process.

The introduction of new information technologies at the enterprise is in full swing. As part of the technical re-equipment program, the financial department of the company received new modern high-speed equipment, which makes it possible to reduce the time for many calculations and operations by 20-30 times. In addition, several servers are planned to be launched in the near future, which will significantly increase the fault tolerance of the system.

CAD and electronic document management

The transfer of the JSC ISS spacecraft development process to an automated mode began in the mid-80s. To this end, the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) systems began, which are actively used in the West to optimize the distribution of working time, increase productivity and reduce design time. Since 1993, the company began to use various CAD systems, which are software packages designed for computer-aided design, development and production of the final product, as well as preparation of design and technological documentation. Thanks to this, drawings began to be prepared in electronic form.

In 2008, JSC ISS began implementing a project to implement solutions from Dassault Systemes for the development of structural elements and onboard cable systems of spacecraft. At present, the company’s specialists for certain types of products have already made the transition to drawing-free data exchange technology using three-dimensional modeling of parts and products in the CATIA program. This model helps the technologist to speed up the development of programs for numerically controlled machines. In the future, it will be possible to design not only individual parts, but also the entire spacecraft in the form of a three-dimensional digital mockup.

Electronic document management is a collection of all available databases about a product, made on the basis of unified approaches to the development, organization of storage and access to documents in electronic form. Nowadays, most of the documentation at JSC ISS is developed and approved in electronic form. The enterprise is implementing document approval using the workflow management module of the ENOVIA SmarTeam system using an electronic digital signature (EDS), which is formed as a result of cryptographic data conversion and is a unique sequence of characters unique only to its owner. EDS properties such as uniqueness and reliability make it an indispensable attribute of documents when organizing legally significant electronic document flow. At a meeting of the Scientific and Technical Council of OJSC ISS that took place this year, it was decided to create a working group to develop a concept for the implementation of CAD systems and product information support technologies (IPI technologies) at the enterprise. It is planned that the draft of this concept and work program will be prepared by the end of 2010.

In order to quickly solve the assigned tasks, the enterprise has created and effectively operates an archive of electronic copies of design documents, which is a complex software and hardware solution that allows them to be securely stored and, if necessary, quickly searched for. To date, out of 700 thousand documents that have been issued by the enterprise over all the years of its existence, about 180 thousand have already been entered into the electronic archive. The company is also working to convert paper originals into electronic duplicates, which over time will significantly reduce the size of paper storage.

Personnel training

The implementation of an automated management system, like any major transformation in an enterprise, is a complex process. First of all, this concerns personnel. Despite the fact that large-scale computerization of production can significantly facilitate the work of specialists, it is sometimes quite difficult for employees accustomed to working with paper documents to adapt to the new mode. The strategically sound policy of the enterprise management provides for the possibility of such situations arising, which allows the problem to be studied and solved in advance, thereby facilitating the process of implementing the system and increasing the efficiency of its further use. In this regard, the HR department of ISS OJSC conducts training courses for employees in a wide range of different areas. This is the study of computer-aided design systems (basic and advanced courses), the basics of electronic document management, working with modern production equipment and much more. Employees acquire highly specialized knowledge and skills directly at their workplaces, performing tasks of varying levels of complexity.

Today, the presence of an automated control system at an enterprise is one of the main requirements set by its customers and partners, including government authorities. Its absence may be the reason for refusal to certify a company to carry out a certain type of activity. This confirms the demand for a new management system, which allows for optimal organization of internal business processes and obtaining operational information for making informed management decisions, as well as the need to maintain it.

Automation of accounting, storage and use of technical documentation in the design, technological, financial and other departments of the enterprise is one of the most pressing tasks, the successful solution of which largely determines the fate of all subsequent activities in the transition to new methods of work based on modern information technologies. Therefore, the accumulated experience of ISS OJSC in this area may be useful for many organizations cooperating with the Reshetnev company.

In 2009, on the basis of JSC Information Satellite Systems named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev" an integrated structure was formed, which included nine more enterprises in the rocket and space industry. Today the Government plans to significantly expand the composition of its participants. In this regard, the enterprise is considering the possibility of establishing communication channels between enterprises in conditions of confidentiality of incoming information and the use of digital signature technology. Today, this task is being solved within the framework of cooperation between JSC ISS and JSC NPC Polyus (Tomsk), JSC NPP Kvant (Moscow) and JSC NPP KP Kvant (Rostov-on-Don). Don), during which a successful exchange of experience in the field of informatization is carried out. Achieving this goal will be the beginning of a new stage in the development of automation of production management for a space company.

ARCHITECTURE OF CORPORATE

INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Fundamentals and basic concepts of corporations and corporate information systems

The term corporation comes from the Latin word corporatio - association. A corporation means an association of enterprises operating under centralized control and solving common problems. As a rule, corporations include enterprises located in different regions and even in different countries (transnational corporations).

In the most general sense, the term Corporation means an association of enterprises operating under centralized control and solving common problems. The corporation is a complex, multidisciplinary structure and, as a result, has a distributed hierarchical management system

Corporate governance is defined as the system of relationships between shareholders, the board of directors and the management board, defined by the company's charter, regulations and official policies, as well as the principle of the rule of law based on the adopted business model.

Business model - this is a description of an enterprise as a complex system, with a given accuracy. Within the business model, all objects (entities), processes, rules for performing operations, the existing development strategy, as well as criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the system are displayed. The form of presentation of the business model and the level of its detail are determined by the goals of the modeling and the adopted point of view.

Enterprises, branches and administrative offices included in the corporation are usually located at a sufficient distance from each other. Their information connection with each other forms the communication structure of the corporation, the basis of which is the information system.

Information model - a subset of a business model that describes all existing (including those not formalized in documentary form) information flows in an enterprise, processing rules and routing algorithms for all elements of the information field.

Information system (IS) is the entire enterprise infrastructure involved in the process of managing all information and document flows, including the following mandatory elements:

1. Information model, which is a set of rules and algorithms for the functioning of the IS. The information model includes all forms of documents, the structure of directories and data, etc.

2. Regulations for the development of the information model and the rules for making changes to it.

3. Human resources (development department, external consultants) responsible for the formation and development of the information model.

4. Software, the configuration of which meets the requirements of the information model (software is the main driver and, at the same time, the IS control mechanism). In addition, there are always requirements for the software supplier that regulate the procedure for technical and user support throughout the entire life cycle.

5. Human resources responsible for setting up and adapting the software, and its compliance with the approved information model.

6. Regulations for making changes to custom structures (specific settings, database structures, etc.) and software configuration and the composition of its functional modules.

7. Hardware and technical base that meets the requirements for operating software (workplace computers, peripherals, telecommunications channels, system software and DBMS).

8. Operational and technical human resources, including personnel for maintaining the hardware and technical base.

9. Rules for using the software and user instructions, training regulations and user certification.

Corporate resources include :

1. material (materials, finished products, fixed assets)

2. financial

3. human (staff)

4. knowledge (know-how)

The management system of any company includes three main subsystems:

1. Sales and operations planning. This is a general plan for the functioning of the enterprise, establishing the volume of production of finished products. The key here is demand planning and estimating the resources needed to meet demand. Here a master production plan is created, which determines which products, in what quantity and in what time frame need to be produced.

2. Detailed planning of the necessary resources (materials, production capacity, labor resources, etc.). The drawn up plan determines the timing and volume of orders for all materials and components necessary to implement the main production plan.

3. Management of the execution of plans in the process of production and procurement (supply).

All these subsystems are implemented on the basis of CIS.

Corporate information systems (CIS)- These are integrated management systems for a geographically distributed corporation, based on in-depth data analysis, widespread use of information support systems for decision-making, electronic document management and office work. CIS is designed to combine enterprise management strategy and advanced information technologies.

Corporate information system is a set of technical and software tools of an enterprise that implement automation ideas and methods.

Comprehensive automation of enterprise business processes based on modern hardware and software support can be called differently.

Currently, along with the name Corporate Information Systems (CIS), for example, the following names are used:

1. Automated control systems (ACS);

2. Integrated management systems (ICS);

3. Integrated Information Systems (IIS);

4. Enterprise management information systems (EMIS).

The main task of the CIS is the effective management of all resources of the enterprise (material, technical, financial, technological and intellectual) to obtain maximum profit and meet the material and professional needs of all employees of the enterprise.

In its composition, a CIS is a collection of various software and hardware platforms, universal and specialized applications from various developers, integrated into a single homogeneous information system that best solves the somewhat unique problem of each specific enterprise. That is, CIS is a human-machine system and a tool for supporting human intellectual activity, which, under its influence, should:

1. . Accumulate certain experience and formalized knowledge;

2. Constantly improve and develop;

3. Quickly adapt to changing environmental conditions and new needs of the enterprise.

Comprehensive automation of an enterprise implies the transfer to the plane of computer technology of all the main business processes of the organization. And the use of special software that provides information support for business processes as the basis of a corporate information system seems to be the most justified and effective.

Modern business process management systems make it possible to integrate various software around them, forming a unified information system. This solves the problems of coordinating the activities of employees and departments, providing them with the necessary information and monitoring performance discipline, and management receives timely access to reliable data on the progress of the production process and has the means to quickly make and implement their decisions.

And, most importantly, the resulting automated complex is a flexible open structure that can be rebuilt on the fly and supplemented with new modules or external software.

By corporate information system we mean an organization’s information system that meets the following minimum list of requirements:

1. Functional completeness of the system

2. Reliable information security system

3. Availability of tools for adaptation and maintenance of the system

4. Implementation of remote access and work in distributed networks

5. Ensuring data exchange between developed information systems and other software products operating in the organization.

6. Possibility of information consolidation

7. Availability of special tools for analyzing the state of the system during operation Functional completeness of the system

· - implementation of international management accounting standards MRP II, ERP, CSRP

· automation within the framework of the system for solving problems of planning, budgeting, forecasting, operational (managerial) accounting, accounting, statistical accounting and financial and economic analysis

· formation and maintenance of records simultaneously according to Russian and international standards

· the number of parameters of the organization’s activity that are taken into account once is from 200 to 1000, the number of database tables generated is from 800 to 3000.

Information security system

· password system for restricting access to data and implemented control functions

· multi-level data protection system (means of authorization of entered and corrected information, registration of time of data entry and modification)

Tools for system adaptation and maintenance

Changing the structure and functions of business processes

Changing the information space

Changing interfaces for entering, viewing and adjusting information

Changing the organizational and functional content of the user's workplace

Custom report generator

Generator of complex business transactions

Generator of standard forms

Possibility of information consolidation

At the organizational level - combining information from branches, holdings, subsidiaries, etc.

At the level of individual tasks - planning, accounting, control, etc.

At the level of time periods - to perform an analysis of financial and economic indicators for a period exceeding the reporting period

Special tools for analyzing the state of the system during operation

Database architecture analysis

Algorithm Analysis

Analysis of statistics on the amount of information processed

Log of completed operations

List of running server stations

Internal mail analysis

The most developed corporate information systems (CIS) are designed to automate all functions of corporation management: from scientific, technical and marketing preparation of its activities to the sale of its products and services. Currently, CIS are mainly economic and production oriented.

General issues of design and implementation of CIS

Successful business management is impossible without constant, objective and comprehensive information. To increase efficiency and minimize management costs, corporate information systems are developed and used to help monitor budget processes, employee working hours, project implementation progress, document flow, and other management functions. This kind of data can be accessed both on a local network and via the Internet.

With the help of an effective corporate information system, you can significantly simplify control and management processes at an enterprise of any level. The development and implementation of information systems is one of the main activities of any sociotechnical system. This process begins with an analysis of the enterprise's activities and ends with the implementation of the developed system.

Basic stages this process:

1. Conducting a pre-project survey

2.Formulation of project goals and limitations, development of a project implementation strategy

3. Engineering and reengineering of the Customer’s business processes, consulting in various areas

4. Platform selection, system development, integration with the software used

5. Supply of equipment and software

6. Commissioning work to put the system into operation

7. Support of the created system during operation, work on its further development

Also, corporate information systems today are the most important tool for introducing new methods of management and enterprise restructuring.

Recently, interest in corporate information systems (CIS) has been constantly growing. If yesterday CISs attracted the attention of a rather narrow circle of managers, now the problems of automating the activities of companies have become relevant for almost everyone. This is due not only to the positive dynamics of economic development, but also to the fact that today enterprises already have significant experience in using software products of various classes.

The main task design and implementation corporate information systems, as a result of system integration, are complex activities to solve business problems using modern information technologies. The development of an information system project is carried out jointly with the client, which makes it possible to create a successfully operating corporate information system that satisfies all the customer’s needs.

The range of business processes implemented in various CIS can be quite wide. Among other things, this includes sales management in various forms, for example, sales on credit or sales with payment by counter obligation, various business processes related to planning, purchasing, production, storage, personnel, and much, much more.

An information system can be built using a layer-by-layer principle. Thus, specialized software (office, application), workflow itself, a document management system, flow document entry programs, as well as auxiliary software for communication with the outside world and providing access to the system functionality through communication means (e- mail, Internet/intranet).

Among the advantages of this approach, it should be noted that it is possible to make changes to individual software components located in one layer, without the need for fundamental alterations on other layers, to provide a formal specification of interfaces between layers that support the independent development of information technologies and software that implements them. Moreover, the use of open standards will allow a painless transition from software modules of one manufacturer to programs of another (for example, replacing a mail server or EMS). In addition, the layer-by-layer approach will increase the reliability and resilience to failures of the system as a whole.

2.1 Advantages of implementing corporate information systems:

1. obtaining reliable and timely information about the activities of all divisions of the company;

2. increasing the efficiency of company management;

3.reduction of working time spent on work operations;

4. increasing the overall performance of work due to its more rational organization.

Increasing internal controllability, flexibility and resistance to external influences increases the company's efficiency, its competitiveness, and, ultimately, profitability. As a result of the implementation of CIS, sales volumes increase, costs decrease, warehouse inventories decrease, order fulfillment times are reduced, and interaction with suppliers improves.

Despite the attractiveness of the above statements, the issue of return on investment in CIS does not lose its relevance. The ratio of benefits from using a system to its cost is one of the most important factors influencing the decision to “buy or not buy.” Any investment project, and the implementation of a CIS, undoubtedly, should be considered as an investment project, represents a kind of “purchase” and, accordingly, requires an assessment of its cost and expected benefits.

It is not easy to calculate the direct payback of a CIS, since as a result of implementation, the internal structure of the company is optimized and difficult-to-measure transaction costs are reduced. However, in some aspects of the company's activities, the valuation is quite realistic.

Currently, the investment analysis method Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) is used to evaluate the effectiveness of IT projects. The method is so named because it is based on the assessment and comparison of the benefits from the implementation of the project with the costs of its implementation.

The global goal of implementing CIS is to increase the company's efficiency. Each company identifies key areas that influence its effectiveness, the so-called “critical success factors” (CSF). Increased efficiency occurs through the implementation of tasks in each of the key areas. Therefore, IAS is based on the company’s business goals, determined at the strategic planning stage.

But there are several ways to achieve the goal, so the second cornerstone of IAS is the comparison of alternative options. In this case, one of the possible options is “without CIS”, i.e. the development of the current situation over time without making any changes to it is considered. Comparisons between alternative options are made by measuring the benefits they provide and the costs they require. Both quantitative and qualitative indicators are taken into account.

Recently, special attention has been paid to the analysis of qualitative indicators. In addition to the balance of benefits and costs, alternative options also differ in the degree of risk and the factors that determine these risks. Therefore, analyzing the impact of such factors on the benefit-cost ratio is another area of ​​focus for IAS. This is about methods for evaluating a specific case.

If we talk about statistical data characterizing the effectiveness of CIS implementation, we can cite the following figures:

Reducing transportation and procurement costs by 60%;

Reducing the production cycle for custom products by 50%;

Reducing the number of delays in the shipment of finished products by 45%;

Reducing the level of minimum minimum balances in warehouses by 40%;

Reduction in production defects by 35%;

Reduction of administrative and management costs by 30%;

Reducing the production cycle for basic products by 30%;

Reducing warehouse space by 25%;

Increase in cash turnover in settlements by 30%;

Increase in inventory turnover by 65%;

Increase in just-in-time deliveries by 80%.

These statistics were collected based on the example of Western companies, where the quality of management is already quite high.

Principles of building a CIS

The concept of building a CIS in economics provides for the following standard components:

1. The core of the system, which provides comprehensive automation of a set of business applications, contains a full set of functional modules for automating management tasks;

2. Automation system for document flow within the corporation;

3.Auxiliary instrumental information processing systems (expert systems, systems for preparing and making decisions, etc.) based on CIS data warehouses;

4.Software and hardware of the CIS security system;

5.Service communication applications (email, remote access software);

6. Internet/intranet components for access to heterogeneous databases and information resources, services;

7.Office programs - text editor, spreadsheets, desktop-class DBMS, etc.

8.Special-purpose systems - computer-aided design (CAD) systems, automated process control systems (APCS), banking systems, etc.

The core of every production system is the production management guidelines it embodies. At the moment, there are several sets of such recommendations. They represent a description of the general rules by which planning and control of the various stages of the corporation's activities should be carried out.

Let's look at some of the existing control technologies.

The basic principles of constructing a CIS include:

1. Principle of integration, which consists in the fact that the processed data is entered into the system only once and then used repeatedly to solve as many problems as possible; principle of storing information once;

2. Systematic principle, which consists in processing data in various sections in order to obtain the information necessary for decision-making at all levels and in all functional subsystems and divisions of the corporation;

3. The principle of complexity implying automation of data conversion procedures at all stages of promotion of the corporation's products.

2.3 Stages of CIS design:

1. Analysis

Survey and creation of models of the organization's activities, analysis (models) of existing CIS, analysis of models and formation of requirements for CIS, development of a plan for creating a CIS.

2. Design

Conceptual design, development of CIS architecture, design of a general data model, formation of application requirements.

3. Development

Development, prototyping and testing of applications, development of integration tests, development of user documentation.

4.Integration and testing

Integration and testing of applications within the system, optimization of applications and databases, preparation of operational documentation, system testing.